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Crystalloid Liberal or Vasopressor Early Resuscitation in Sepsis (CLOVERS) Trial:  The Crystalloid Liberal or Vasopressor Early Resuscitation in Sepsis (CLOVERS) trial aimed to compare the impact of an early restrictive fluid strategy (with early vasopressor use) versus a liberal fluid strategy on 90-day mortality in patients with sepsis-induced hypotension.  Background:  In sepsis management, intravenous fluids are administered to improve organ perfusion, but they carry risks such as dilutional coagulopathy and organ dysfunction. Vasopressors are also used, but their use comes with potential complications. Prior observational data suggested that a restrictive fluid strategy with early vasopressor use might be superior. The CLOVERS trial aimed to provide further insights into this matter.  Design:  The trial was a multicenter, randomized, unblinded superiority trial conducted as part of the Prevention and Early Treatment of Acute Lung Injury (PETAL) Network. Patients were randomly assi

  Abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) is a medical condition that results from increased intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) due to various underlying pathologies. This condition is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, making early diagnosis and prompt management essential for successful outcomes. In this article, we will review the definition, etiology, signs, symptoms, diagnosis, and management of ACS. Definition: ACS is defined as an IAP exceeding 20 mmHg, associated with end-organ dysfunction. The normal IAP is between 0 and 5 mmHg. ACS occurs when the IAP exceeds 20 mmHg and is associated with end-organ dysfunction. The main mechanisms leading to ACS include the accumulation of fluid, gas, or solid material within the abdominal cavity, increased abdominal wall tension, or decreased abdominal wall compliance. Etiology: The most common causes of ACS are trauma, severe burns, intra-abdominal bleeding, and post-operative complications. Other causes include pancreatitis, bo